ORLANDO, Fla. – The sunspot region that produced a massive G5 geomagnetic storm and sent the Northern Lights to Florida is once again facing Earth. So the question is, will the Sunshine State get a second chance at seeing the Aurora Borealis?
In short, the answer is likely no. The geomagnetic storm is currently expected to reach G2 level. That should be good enough to see the Northern Lights as far south as Minnesota or Northern Iowa.
How does Florida catch a glimpse?
Similar to hurricanes, geomagnetic storms are rated on a scale with a G1 storm being rated minor to a G5 storm being extreme. When a G5 storm is ongoing, like what occurred in May, it is possible that the Aurora could be seen low on the Florida horizon.
G5 storms, however, are very rare, occurring roughly four times per solar cycle. A solar cycle lasts for 11 years.
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This year, the sun is closing in on its solar maximum, meaning these storms can occur more frequently increasing the chances of an extreme geomagnetic storm.
It is important to note that the storm also has to time out right and impact the earth while it is nighttime in Florida. The skies have to be clear as well to see the northern lights.
The iconic photos of the northern lights you may be familiar with reveal bright green or purple colors. In Florida, the Aurora is predominantly red. This all has to do with the altitude of the oxygen atoms responsible for the northern lights.
Green auroras are generated by oxygen atoms approximately 93 miles above Earth’s surface, whereas red auroras result from oxygen atoms between 93 miles) and 310 miles above the surface.
What Are The Aurora Borealis? (Northern Lights)
The Aurora Borealis, commonly known as the northern lights, are vibrant dancing ribbons of light that form as a result of electrons colliding with Earth’s upper atmosphere.
The solar wind, charged protons and electrons emitted from the sun, first interacts with and significantly disturbs Earth’s magnetic field causing a geomagnetic storm.
Those particles follow Earth’s magnetic field and enter the Earth’s atmosphere at or around the poles. This is where the magnetic field is at its weakest.
Those electrons then interact with and excite molecules in Earth’s atmosphere. The excitement of the molecules results in the production of vibrant colors in the sky.
The largest geomagnetic storms are caused by a coronal mass ejection (CME) — a large ejection of the sun’s magnetic field and plasma.
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Northern lights visible in Palm Bay, FL 5.10.2024
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